The Pearl Development

First off, the pearl is the lone gemstone made by a living organism. Another stone that you can buy is formed by the earth and minerals. The pearl having said that, is established by a exceptional partnership in between organism and parasite. Whenever a parasite or a grain of sand comes in contact with the inner portion of the oyster, the oyster does respond. It layers the irritant frequently with a "pearly" matter. Within lies the birth of a natural pearl.

This approach is scarce in nature, thereby the astonishingly expensive cost of natural pearls. To stick to with consumer request, the cultured pearl was formed by man. There truly just isn't a great deal variation in a cultured pearl apart from in lieu of the parasite going to the oyster by natural means, it is vigorously brought to allow to hasten the approach. If the cultured pearl is of increased quality, it is pretty tricky to differentiate among it including a natural pearl using the human eye alone.

Establishing cultured pearls remains to be complicated approach. It does take surgeon-like excellence to open a live oyster and set the irritant accurately. And once this is accomplished, the oysters are brought back to the sea where they're saved in preserved bays. They oysters are held in dangling nets down below the water and are looked after around the clock. Water temperatures arechecked, bacteria is eradicated; all to make sure that these oysters improve their pearls. After many months of care, the oysters are harvested and exposed to expose their iridescent production.

The making activity of pearls is one that evaded the smartest minds prior to the turn of the twentieth century. For their bizarre starts, pearls were normally employed as a mark of riches and dominance. Within the years, pearls went to exemplify countless aspects for example , purity and femininity. Pearls were as well regularly chosen to serve eradicate evil spirits and supposed to assist in treating health problems.

Pearls are considered across history, in the bible and generally are the topic of countless myths all around each individual religion and culture. Not simply were pearls relevant with affluence but will also with love and marriage. There are plenty of stories of pearl jewelry having center stage at weddings or implemented to demonstrate love for an individual just like Cleopatra accomplished for Marc Antony. It is stated that she dissolved a pearl in a glass of wine and drank it to display her real love for him.

Scientists at present may understand more about where pearls arrive from but that is not going to abate their desirability. Pearls remain a great deal in great interest and are all the same associated with romance. They're really normally the jewelry of pick for a bride on her wedding day or assigned as a marriage ceremony gift. Whilst a number of of the myths of the pearl's bizarre properties seemed to be demolished, ladies continues to find to involve this gemstone in their jewelry gallery. The solid and distinct history of this special gem
makes it the single most coveted jewel even thousands of years following its initial uncovering.

Top 7 Tips When Making Hotel Reservations

So you are planning to do hotel reservation for your leisure or business trip
? Well, here are useful tips on how to do it right and avoid frustrations or inconveniences during your travel. Some things may seem very trivial to during your bookings, but may break your holiday or business plans.

1. When booking, consider calling the hotel directly for personal attention. This allows you to ask questions about discount rates, services and much more. You can also know about the specifics of the hotel and also to get important brief on your destination.

2. Indicate the number of adults and children in each room. Usually, when third parties make reservations, they do not take into account the companions you have.

3. Ask for prices and taxes before you confirm your hotel bookings. Paying in advance guaranteed to get your rooms reserved. But enquiring about prices in different seasons may save you great deal of cash, and probably ensure more comfort. You also don't want a situation where you don't have enough money in your credit card- this may lead to cancellation of your reservation.

4. Confirm the date of arrival and departure. Make sure your hotel get your day of your arrival and departure right. You don't want a scenario where you get to your destination
, only to realize you got no accommodation. This is especially so in high travel seasons, such as Christmas and New Year period.

5. Remember to request a confirmation number for each room reserved. This will make it very easy during your arrival.

6. When reserving more than one hotel rooms, name the specific people occupying each room.

7. Ask for information on the time of entry and departure. If you need to get to you hotel earlier for personal reasons, it helps to familiarize yourself with hotel policies. It might help to be allowed to request an extension of departure time, or may request a half-day rate if you need some extra time.

Searching For Lower Motor Car Insurance? These Will Help You Save

Contrary to what you might have heard, you don't really need to do very difficult things in order to enjoy the cheapest policy that meets your needs. It's generally overlooked things that bring about huge discounts. Following are several things that will bring you closer to the goal...

The truth remains that there are very lots of discounts that you can benefit from if you qualify for them. One of those discounts is the Good Driver Discount. Due to the requirements for this discount, you'll save much if you qualify.

Who are considered good drivers? Everyone recognizes them. These are people who observe traffic regulations consistently. If they are NOT known for such high values, they at least have NOT been caught breaking those regulations. These are generally preferred by anybody who is connected to giving coverage to the public for auto related matters. They have almost no need to file a claim.

Walk when you have to cover quite short distances. There are numerous folks who have cultivated the bad habit of perpetually driving when they want to get to their destinations irrespective of their closeness. Besides the fact that you are raising your mileage, you are NOT enabling yourself remain at very healthy.

An alternative for a young driver is to be on your parents' car insurance policy. The fact that you're of driving age means that your parents belong to a lower risk age group.

There are 2 things you must do for this to be possible: That vehicle must be registered in your parents' name and you must live with them. If you want to be the owner of your car, then be the big boy or girl and also own the costly premiums. Sorry, you cannot have both with this alternative. Nevertherless, you can still make massive savings by clicking the link in this article.

Do you intend to pay much less on adequate coverage? Then you need to take your studies very seriously and get really outstanding grades. This makes you eligible for something known as the good student discount. You are required to sustain nothing below B's to qualify for it.

But why do providers give a discount for this? They've noticed, through a number of cases, that students who keep up exceptional grades are generally better risks on account of their interests. They say that students who maintain really outstanding academic records are seldom seen to engage in poor risk behavior. They're usually so committed to what they've come for that they seldom get involved in dangerous behaviors.

You need to do everything you can to ensure your driving is very mature and does NOT break any traffic rules at all. You will benefit a lot if you do take on this way of thinking. If you are a really alert driver, then you will reduce the odds of you being to blame for an accident. This implies, by implication, that you'll attract a smaller number of liability cases if any. Furthermore, you will reduce the probability of filing a claim for repairs due to a collision. Besides these other reasons, a clean record implies that you will NOT have your rates inflated suddenly.

As if all those weren't good enough, bear in mind that staying claims free for 3 years or more will qualify you for an interesting discount referred to as the NO Claims Bonus. Just chat for a short while with any good agent and you will see the many merits of being a good and mature driver. Consider the fact that this view point is keeping everyone safer and you'll realize that you do NOT need a concession to be the wonderful driver that you should be.

Cheap mobile phones:- Go with the best

A lot of handsets are available in the mobile phone market with latest features and advanced technology. All the leading mobile manufacturers, such as Nokia , Samsung, HTC, Apple and many more have recently launched their cheap mobile phones at very reasonable prices. Cheap Blackberry phones are highly in demand, because of its astonishing looks and smart features. Cheap mobile phones come with a fine camera, good data storage capacity, standard battery and fine touchscreen display. These mobile phone supports 2G and 3G spectrum, which not only gives you high speed of Internet accessibility, you can also make video calls, without any cost effect.

These mobile phone deals
with several network providers like Vodafone, Orange, T-mobile, O2, Virgin and three. These handsets are available in contract deals and pay as you go deals. In contract deals you can get Cheap Mobile Phones with free gifts. In contract deal you have to sign a contract for a certain period at monthly rental plans. With these you can get incentives like free minutes, free text messages, free Internet allowance and instant cash back offer. Apart from this, you can also get gifts like laptops, video games, vacuum cleaner and much more. You can't switch from these contracts, before completing its duration.

Cheap SIM free mobile phones are also available in the market. In these handsets, there is no boundary of contract. You can switch from the network anytime without informing the current network provider. With SIM free mobile phones
, you are free to select the network of your desire. All the cheap mobile phones are available at all the on line shopping portals with the preview of full description of the handset with its deal. You can buy your desired handset from any on line shop, in just a click, and you can get delivery of the selected product at your home in minimum time of order.

So go for on line shopping and buy your desired cheap mobile phone without any cost effect.

How to Get Cheap Business Cards in a Good Way

The presence of business cards is really important to consider because those cards make you able to be recognized by your business partner. It means that those cards are really functional to introduce your business so you can make your business popular. In this case, it is important for you to gain cheap business cards which are functional for you because those will save you more. In this case, you yourself print the cards that will be great for you since you do not need to pay more for getting the cards. To make them, just check this article out.

1.    The first step you must do is to choose the right software that will support you in making the cards. In this case, you can choose free templates that you might get from the websites of Microsoft or others. Just be sure that you gain the right templates that will be suitable with your business.
2.    The second step you have to consider is to buy the stock of paper that can be used to produce the cards. Besides, you can purchase the paper that is completed with the right template. In this case, you must buy them with the right brand and style so you can get the best results for your needs. Besides, it is important for you to gain the cards that have professional look so you can show your professionalism.
3.    To print the cards, it is better to use laser or inkjet printer that is able to print high quality cards. If you are not sure about your printer, you can rent a printer that can work great in printing business cards.
4.    After the preparation is done, you can do your jobs very well and you do not need to cost more to produce the best business cards for your needs.

How to Uninstall and Remove Solo Anti-Virus From Windows System

There may be a time that you need to uninstall Solo Anti-Virus. This may be the result of some corruption that has taken place or it could be that you downloaded a newer 'beta' version and want to remove Solo Anti-Virus and 'roll back' to the previous version.

However this may not necessarily be as easy as one would think. Microsoft themselves suggest different ways of uninstalling Solo Anti-Virus depending on what version of Windows you have running on your computer.

Usually removing Solo Anti-Virus involves much more than merely going to the control panel to uninstall Solo Anti-Virus.

Method 1: Uninstall and remove Solo Anti-Virus in Safe Mode

Basically this means restarting your computer in 'safe' mode - to do this, you have to restart your computer, and while it is in the process starting pressing the F8 key. Choose Safe Mode, and the press Enter.

Then once it starts in safe mode, click Start, click Run, type appwiz.cpl, and then click OK. Click the program, and then click Remove. At this point, simply follow the prompts to uninstall Solo Anti-Virus, and then restart the computer when you are prompted.

If you didn't Remove Solo Anti-Virus, try Method 2.

Method 2: Remove Solo Anti-Virus - A better way with added benefits

As we have stated at the beginning of the article, sometimes uninstalling Solo Anti-Virus is not as smooth as this may seem, and sometimes may involve editing the actual windows registry itself.

Here, it is extremely easy to make a mistake, and requires very painstaking care to do it properly without messing up some other program on the computer, while attempting to uninstall Solo Anti-Virus.

A utility called Best Uninstall Tool will do an excellent job of removing unwanted programs.

Why don't you take a look at this uninstaller? Visit: Best Uninstall Tool.

• It works faster than the standard removal tool that comes with Windows.

• It will clean the empty / corrupted registry entries that a certain application left over.

• Protect your registry from empty / corrupted errors and improve your PC performance.

• It has a useful feature: Force Uninstall, which helps you fast point to the folder where application installed and forcibly remove hidden application installed in your system.

• When you start Windows, numerous applications are actually started up automatically causing slow Windows start up times.

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What Men Really Notice When They Look at You

Like most men, I love the fact that Thanksgiving is all about food, family, and football. I have no qualms about eating until it literally hurts and then lying down in front of the TV to moan softly while I nurse a glass of scotch, watch whatever game is on, and hopefully digest enough of the pain away to be ready for dessert. The elders of the group are afforded the respect of easy chairs and couches, while the younger men of our tribe are relegated to whatever spots they can scrounge on the floor.

But my wife, Karel — along with the other women in her family — has never joined this Y-chromosome ritual. She does not give in to thoughtless gluttony during the holidays, or, for that matter, on any other day. It's not that she's a paranoid counter of calories or fat grams, it's just that she is aware of what, and how much, she is eating. It's like there's an invisible finish line of food that only Karel can see, and if she steps even a few feet over it, every time she sees herself in the mirror for the next week she'll grab her belly and say, "Look at how big my stomach is" or, "Look at how much weight I've put on this week." Meanwhile, I'm making the best possible use of leftovers by sandwiching turkey, mashed potatoes, gravy, and green beans between two slices of chocolate-chip pecan pie.

The stories I hear from my guy friends go pretty much the same way. Their wives behave a lot like Karel, who gazes in the mirror and critiques every part of her amazing body. It's impossible for her to look at photos taken in the months after she gave birth to the kids without commenting on how "chunky" she was. She's forbidden me to hang up some of my favorite photos of her because she can see mysterious flaws or proportional eyesores that I and the rest of the world are completely oblivious to.

By contrast, when I look in the mirror, I don't see my faults. I stand there naked and make funny faces and flex muscles and never once see the pound or two that I gained over Thanksgiving — let alone the extra 15 pounds I've hauled around since my 19-month-old daughter, Josie, was born. All I'm thinking is, Hey, not bad for a 32-year-old.

Seriously, I understand that there are plenty of guys over 30 who are in much better shape than I am, but why would I compare myself to them? I might give myself a complex. Besides, I (and most of the other guys I know) realize that our looks played only a small part in landing our wives. Sure, they factored in, but they pale in comparison to our sense of humor, our ability to provide security, and that confusing, uncontrollable thing we call love. I may not know what it is, but Karel seems to see something in me that compensates for my concave pecs and deforested hairline.

I worry that she thinks it's different for women — that men fall hard for their looks, then expect perfect maintenance. But that's far from the truth. I may have noticed Karel initially because her personal-trainer-sculpted body had hills and valleys that would make Julie Andrews burst into song. But I'm here long after climbing every mountain because I fell in love with her funniness, her border-collie-like enthusiasm for life, and the nearly aneurysm-inducing sex. Guys may be shallow, but we're not stupid.
We understand how the human body ages, and most of us have a fairly good grasp on the difference between fantasy and reality. I've never expected Karel to always look like she did when we first met. I thought she was stunning the moment I laid eyes on her nine years ago, and I thought she was stunning the moment she walked through the door half an hour ago — for very different reasons.

With the exception of a few tattoos, the Karel I married eight years ago looked like an alluring, 26-year-old blank slate waiting to be filled with stories, aglow in the possibilities of youth. But I imagine that staring at a blank page for the rest of your life would get boring, which is why it's so hard for me to understand how she can pinch and grab and criticize the parts of her that tell the best stories of our life. The scars on her belly, the changing shape of her breasts, the lines that are starting to appear on her face — these aren't imperfections; they're what keep me wanting to find out what happens next.

In a relationship where Karel is usually the sensible party, it's ironic that I'm so much more practical about body image. I know a day of gluttony won't kill me, and that health and beauty have just as much to do with your heart and mind as they do with your body.

So, reader, if somewhere deep down a part of you has always wanted to join the menfolk on the living room floor after Thanksgiving dinner, go for it. We'll share the scotch, we'll make sure you have a view of the game — heck, Grumpers might even let you wield the remote. And your guy will be thrilled to have your hot body stretched out by his side.

What is diabetes? What causes diabetes?

Diabetes (diabetes mellitus) is classed as a metabolism disorder. Metabolism refers to the way our bodies use digested food for energy and growth. Most of what we eat is broken down into glucose. Glucose is a form of sugar in the blood - it is the principal source of fuel for our bodies.

When our food is digested the glucose makes its way into our bloodstream. Our cells use the glucose for energy and growth. However, glucose cannot enter our cells without insulin being present - insulin makes it possible for our cells to take in the glucose.

Insulin is a hormone that is produced by the pancreas. After eating, the pancreas automatically releases an adequate quantity of insulin to move the glucose present in our blood into the cells, and lowers the blood sugar level.

A person with diabetes has a condition in which the quantity of glucose in the blood is too elevated (hyperglycemia). This is because the body either does not produce enough insulin, produces no insulin, or has cells that do not respond properly to the insulin the pancreas produces. This results in too much glucose building up in the blood. This excess blood glucose eventually passes out of the body in urine. So, even though the blood has plenty of glucose, the cells are not getting it for their essential energy and growth requirements.
Why is it called Diabetes Mellitus?

Diabetes comes from Greek, and it means a siphon. Aretus the Cappadocian, a Greek physician during the second century A.D., named the condition diabainein. He described patients who were passing too much water (polyuria) - like a siphon. The word became "diabetes" from the English adoption of the Medieval Latin diabetes.

In 1675 Thomas Willis added mellitus to the term, although it is commonly referred to simply as diabetes. Mel in Latin means honey; the urine and blood of people with diabetes has excess glucose, and glucose is sweet like honey. Diabetes mellitus could literally mean "siphoning off sweet water".

In ancient China people observed that ants would be attracted to some people's urine, because it was sweet. The term "Sweet Urine Disease" was coined.
There are three main types of diabetes:

Diabetes Type 1 - You produce no insulin at all.
Diabetes Type 2 - You don't produce enough insulin, or your insulin is not working properly.
Gestational Diabetes - You develop diabetes just during your pregnancy.

(World Health Organization)

Diabetes Types 1 & 2 are chronic medical conditions - this means that they are persistent and perpetual. Gestational Diabetes usually resolves itself after the birth of the child.
Treatment is effective and important

All types of diabetes are treatable, but Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes last a lifetime; there is no known cure. The patient receives regular insulin, which became medically available in 1921. The treatment for a patient with Type 1 is mainly injected insulin, plus some dietary and exercise adherence.

Patients with Type 2 are usually treated with tablets, exercise and a special diet, but sometimes insulin injections are also required.

If diabetes is not adequately controlled the patient has a significantly higher risk of developing complications, such as hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis, and nonketotic hypersosmolar coma. Longer term complications could be cardiovascular disease, retinal damage, chronic kidney failure, nerve damage, poor healing of wounds, gangrene on the feet which may lead to amputation, and erectile dysfunction.

log4j ... Dynamic Log File Name

Background:
We developed a Bulk Loader component using core Java api's and used log4j for writing all the developer debugs, info, warn etc messages to a log file. The Bulk Loader, as the name suggests, sent bulk requests to application which enabled Load Testing. The Bulk Loader was developed in such a way that multiple instances could run on the same machine : this enabled controlling the load pushed to the application from various Bulk Loader instances.


Problem scenario:
During testing, if was found that all the Bulk Loader instances running on one machine, used the same log file for writing their messages to. This made the log file illegible. Messages from different instances were interwoven into a single log file which made debugging a very tough job. A solution was needed for each instance to create and write to its own log file.

Method 1: Modify the java code for setting the correct log file name to the FileAppender

1. Get hold of the all Appenders from the Logger object
2. Loop through each and find the Appender of interest. This will typically be the FileAppender
3. Call the setFile( String fileName ) api for setting desired log file name
4. Call the activateOptions for Log4j framework to pick the newly set log file name

Though most of us would like and prefer to use the above method, there are two stark limitations :

1. There can be multiple File Appenders defined in the log4j.xml. For example, my log4j.xml has two RollingFileAppenders; one with name as Process the other with Audit. In such cases, the logic of setting the log file name dynamically starts getting complex if lot of conditional checks
2. If the source code of api responsible for initializing the Logger is not available (this could be due to the fact that you, as a part of Services team, have the ability to invoke an exposed log( String message, int level ) method and initialization and configuration of the Logger is taken care by the Product team), then you definitely cannot get hold to any of the Appenders and change the log file name.

Method 2: Modify the log4j.xml and Use -D switch
This method does not require any code changes and hence no need to recompile. This method is only related to configuration of log4j.xml and the start command of java program.

* Open the log4j.xml and introduce a variable in front of the log file name definition. The variable name should be wrapped with special characters as follows: ${variable name}
* Following is the snippet from my log4j.xml







* Modify the start command of java application as below:

java -Dlog_file_name=Items -cp %CLASSPATH% HelloWorld

* This will create two log files by the name Items_Log.txt and Items_Audit.txt in the logs folder

Advantages of Hibernate

* Caching objects. The session is a transaction-level cache of persistent objects. You may also enable a JVM-level/cluster cache to memory and/or local disk.

* Executing SQL statements later, when needed. The session never issues an INSERT or UPDATE until it is actually needed. So if an exception occurs and you need to abort the transaction, some statements will never actually be issued. Furthermore, this keeps lock times in the database as short as possible (from the late UPDATE to the transaction end).

* Never updating unmodified objects. It is very common in hand-coded JDBC to see the persistent state of an object updated, just in case it changed…..for example, the user pressed the save button but may not have edited any fields. Hibernate always knows if an object's state actually changed, as long as you are inside the same (possibly very long) unit of work.

* Efficient Collection Handling. Likewise, Hibernate only ever inserts/updates/deletes collection rows that actually changed.

* Rolling two updates into one. As a corollary to (1) and (3), Hibernate can roll two seemingly unrelated updates of the same object into one UPDATE statement.

* Updating only the modified columns. Hibernate knows exactly which columns need updating and, if you choose, will update only those columns.

* Outer join fetching. Hibernate implements a very efficient outer-join fetching algorithm! In addition, you can use subselect and batch pre-fetch optimizations.

* Lazy collection initialization.

* Lazy object initialization. Hibernate can use runtime-generated proxies (CGLIB) or interception injected through bytecode instrumentation at build-time.

A few more (optional) features of Hibernate that your handcoded JDBC may or may not currently benefit from

* second-level caching of arbitrary query results, from HQL, Criteria, and even native SQL queries
* efficient 'PreparedStatement' caching (Hibernate always uses 'PreparedStatement' for calls to the database)
* JDBC 2 style batch updates
* Pluggable connection pooling

Struts / Java / J2EE Frequently-Asked Interview Questions

Are Struts's action classes Thread-safe?
Yes. Action classes are based on "one-instance and many-threads". This is to conserve resources and to provide the best possible throughput.

What are the various Struts Tag libraries?
There are various struts tags. But the most-repeated tags are:
struts-bean.tld
struts-html.tld
struts-logic.tld
struts-nested.tld

What is ActionMapping in struts?
Action mapping defines the flow of one request. The possible sequence is
User -> request -> Form -> Validation -> Business Code -> Forward -> JSP -> response -> User.
The components involved are Action classes, Forms and JSP.

What are the advantages of having multiple struts-config in the same application?
The implementation with many struts-config is to organize the development work, so that many people may be involved and it is some organized way of doing things. But this would result in some compromise in performance(speed). Technically there is no any difference between single and multiple struts-config files.

What are the ways in which resource file can be used in struts?
Defining message resources in struts-config file.
Programmatically using resource files in Java classes or in JSP files.

Explain the term 'architecture of the application'?
Architecture is the set of rules (or framework) to bring in some common way of assembling or using J2EE components in the application. This helps in bringing consistency between codes developed by various developers in the team.

Which is the architecture followed by struts?
Struts follows MVC architecture.

What are components corresponding o M, V and C in struts?

Model : The model represents the data of an application. Anything that an application will persist becomes a part of model. The model also defines the way of accessing this data ( the business logic of application) for manipulation. It knows nothing about the way the data will be displayed by the application. It just provides service to access the data and modify it. Here 'Form Bean' represents Model layer.

View : The view represents the presentation of the application. The view queries the model for its content and renders it. The way the model will be rendered is defined by the view. The view is not dependent on data or application logic changes and remains same even if the business logic undergoes modification. JSP represents View Layer.

Controller : All the user requests to the application go through the controller. The controller intercepts the requests from view and passes it to the model for appropriate action. Based on the result of the action on data, the controller directs the user to the subsequent view. Action classes (action servlets) represent Controller layer.

Differentiate between the terms 'Design Patterns', 'Framework' and 'Architecture'.
Design Pattern: The various solutions arrived at for the known problem. This helps to avoid re-inventing the wheel. The risk-free solution can be easily used by others. For example, singleton is the design pattern that you can use instantly to enfore one object per class. You do not need to think of this on your own.
Framework: A framework is a structure or set of rules, used to solve or address complex issues. It is basically a reusable designf for the J2EE applications. For example, Struts, JSF,etc., are the frameworks. You can use these frameworks based on the requirements of your application and each has its own set of advantages.

Architecture: It is a design that describes how the various components in the application fit together. For example, MVC is an architecture which is helpful to define how the components interact within the application.


What is the difference between ActionForm and DynaActionForm?
In action form, you need to define the form class that extends ActionForm explicitly, whereas you can define the form dynamically inside the struts-config file when using DynaActionForm.

How can you use Validator framework in struts?
Validator Frameworks are helpful when the application needs server-side validation such that the particular set of validations occur very frequently within the same application. This avoids writing complex code in validation() method in every form bean. Using validator framework, there are different pre-written validations in place. You can customize these validations in XML file.

What are client-side and server-side vaidations?
Client-side validations: These are the validations that id done using javascripts. There is always a danger involved that the user can get through (crack-through) these validations. But for some simple validations, like converting lower-case to upper-case or date validations can be done, you can use javascripts.
Server-side validations: These are the validations done in server-side using Java components (Form bean or in business logics) where the user has no chance to crookedly get through the system.

What are the advantages & differences between using validate() method in form over validations using validator framework.
Refer to the previous-answer.

Define the terms authentication and authorisation.
Authentication is the process/rule that validates if the user is allowed to access the system or not.
Authorization is the process/rule that validates if the user is allowed to access the particular part of the system or not. This occurs after user's successful authentication.

What are the components provided in J2EE to perform authentication and authorization?
Authentication – RequestProcessor and/or Filter.
Authorization - DTO, JDO or Java or Action classes.

Give the difference between between 'DispatchAction' and 'Action'.
A DispatchAction contains various different methods other than the standard execute() method in Action classes. These methods are executed based on some request parameter. For example, you can code in such a way that three buttons (namely Insert, Delete, Update) buttons correspond to different methods such as insert(), delete() and udpate(). The submit button in JSP would have the property that has the value which matches to any one of the methods defined in DispatchAction class.

What is pagination technique? How can you design them in struts?
Pagination is the technique where the bulk of results are split into different pages and only the information where the user can conveniently see are displayed in a page. (Like in Goooooogle). This can be achieved in many ways, but the simplest method is to have a query string (say http://www.testwebsite?pageNumber=2) would lead to information corresponding to resultset rows from 11 to 20. Assuming that you want to display 10 related rows of information, you can set the formula as follows:
Starting row = (pageNumber-1) * + 1 which is equal to 11.
Ending row = Starting row + which is equal to 20.

How can you populate the drop-down list using form properties?
There are many ways for this. But the best method is to use which defines collection that needs to be used to populate the drop-down list, the property to store the selected value and the collection that is used to display the labels (what we see in JSP page). For Example,

html:options collection="form-collection-property"
property="form-property"
labelProperty="form-another-collection-property"

What is the XML parser provided in struts? Can you use it for other purposes?
'Digester' framework. Yes we can use for our applications to store and parse our application-related data.

Difference between Struts 1.0 and 1.1

* Perform() method was replaced by execute()
* DynaActionForms are introduced.
* Tiles Concept is introduced
* We can write our own Controller by Inheriting RequestProcessor

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How Do I Know If My PC Is Infected With Spyware or Adware

Many people that are new to the Internet world are nervous about the potential of viruses, Spyware or Adware that can harm their computer, affect performance or make their very private information public to others.

Spyware programs can do a number of damaging things to your personal computer. Spyware infects your pc and hides in the background and can do many nasty things to the performance of your system. It can also do harmful things to you such as send out your personal information, your every keystroke and photo that resides on your hard drive, watch your surfing habits and shopping habits and annoy you with annoying pop-ups filled with advertisements and even pornography.

If you are experiencing any unusual changes in your computer's performance or have any unusual new pop-ups, changes to your toolbars or new icons on your desktop, you should run a system scan to find out if you have Spyware. Products exist on the market to help you combat this problem. Be sure to install software that you know is credible. Downloading freeware can often result in further Spyware existing on your computer. Spyware, Adware and Malware companies frequently fool users into sending pop-ups telling them that there's a problem with their computer and this in fact is further spyware. These errors can open your system up to future further problems by fooling people into thinking they're downloading fixes when really further spyware is being downloaded.

Watch your system's performance and at the sign of any unusual activity, realize that you are probably infected. Do something as soon as possible to protect your privacy. These programs don't discriminate and can launch themselves when you or your family members sit in front of the computer. Pornographic pop-ups can turn up whether it's an adult or a child using the computer. Protect your pc.

Antivirus alone isn't enough to combat this problem. Spyware sneaks into your system via executable files that you don't need to do anything to launch. They can sneak in as attachments that you download or by many other means. They're harmful and annoying but you can protect your computer and your privacy with the right software. This software needs to have an auto update for spyware definitions as new spyware definitions are being added daily. So a spyware removal program is a great compliment to your existing anti-virus software.

Total Innovations, Inc. specializes in developing award winning software programs designed to solve computer users needs. The spyware removal software, http://www.emailspy.com & http://www.folderhider.com are a few of the most recent. See full details at: http://www.spyblaster.com

IEEE Addresses Engineering Education’s Role in the New Economy

Members of IEEE, the world’s largest technical professional association, are encouraging traditional university-based engineering educators to think about engineering education’s role in the new economy, and how today’s curriculum can influence tomorrow’s engineers.
“The new economy is based on invention: the creation of new solutions that address both world-changing challenges such as energy, healthcare, sustainability, and security and life-changing opportunities to feed the world's hunger for a better quality of life,” said Dr. Leah Jamieson, IEEE Fellow and John A. Edwardson Dean of Engineering and Ransburg Distinguished Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Purdue University. “From smart meters for energy to smart phones for business and entertainment, technology is the enabler, and engineering is the foundation for the innovation economy.”
IEEE members are promoting a cultural change to drive a more holistic view into engineering education; focused beyond technical skills to incorporate experience and relevance into university courses. Supporting experience-led education curriculum—from working on projects that bring electricity to remote villages to addressing challenges of sustainability, security, and infrastructure—educators can show engineering’s powerful role in delivering societal solutions – making engineers representative of tomorrow’s solutionist.
Responding to the question about engineering education’s role in the new economy, IEEE leaders participated on a leadership panel titled, “Thought Leader Perspectives: Engineering Education’s Role in Bridging Creativity and Relevance to Deliver Tomorrow’s Solutionist.”
About the IEEE Computer Society
With nearly 85,000 members, the IEEE Computer Society is the world’s leading organization of computing professionals. Founded in 1946, and the largest of the 38 societies of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), the Computer Society is dedicated to advancing the theory and application of computer and information-processing technology, and is known globally for its computing standards activities.

The PL/SQL Character Set

The PL/SQL Character Set

A PL/SQL program consists of a sequence of statements, each of which is made up of one or more lines of text. Text is made up of combinations of the characters shown in Table.

Table : PL/SQL Character Set

Type	Characters
Letters	A-Z, a-z
Digits	0-9
Symbols	~ ! @ # $ % & * ( ) _ - + = | [ ] { } : ; " ' < > , . ? /
Whitespace	Tab, space, carriage return

Note that PL/SQL is a case-insensitive language. Uppercase letters are treated the same way as lowercase letters except when the characters are surrounded by single quotes (when they are literal strings) or represent the value of a character variable.

Every valid statement in PL/SQL, from declaration to executable statement to keyword, is made up of various combinations of the above characters. Now you just have to figure out how to put them all together!

A number of these characters -- both singly and in combination with other characters -- have a special significance in PL/SQL. Table 2 lists these special symbols.

Table 2: Simple and Compound Symbols in PL/SQL

Symbol	Description
;	Semicolon: statement terminator
%	Percent sign: attribute indicator (cursor attributes like %ISOPEN and indirect declaration attributes like %ROWTYPE). Also used as multibyte wildcard symbol, as in SQL.
_	Single underscore: single-byte wildcard symbol, as in SQL
:	Colon: host variable indicator, such as :block.item in Oracle Forms
**	Double asterisk: exponentiation operator
< > and !=	"Not equals"
||	Double vertical bar: concatenation operator
<< and >>	Label delimiters
<= and >=	Relational operators
:=	Assignment operator
=>	Association operator for positional notation
--	Double dash: single-line comment indicator
/* and */	Beginning and ending multiline comment block delimiters

Characters are grouped together into lexical units, also called atomics of the language, because they are the smallest individual components. A lexical unit in PL/SQL is any of the following:

• Identifier
• Literal
• Delimiter
• Comment

How to build the best character for Pking In Runescape

When it comes to Pking characters the lower the level the better! Below is the type of Pking characters you can find in Runescape ( F2P ).

Range/2h Tank:Only uses range,and rangers tend to have a high hp level and can also hit quickly although they don't hit high compared to melee fighters. Though they hit more accurately compared to melee fighters. They have handy armour that they can wear to their advantage to help against range, melee and mages. I only suggest getting 40 defence to tank with and going range for the rest. This is because you only need the rune armour as defence and range is better compared to defence if you want to kill your opponent. You range till your opponent has low hp and then strike with a 2h which he won't be expecting and KO! The build for this is 40 Attack XX Strength 40 Defence XX Range. You can use the Runescape combat calculators (type it in google) to work out exactly how much strength and range will be needed before you level up.

Armour should include:Maple short bow, Rune 2h, Rune full helm/Green d'hide coif, Rune chain mail/Green d'hide body, Green d'hide vambraces, Leather boots, Team cape( so you don't have to right click your opponent), and a Amulet of Power.

Melee Tank:Uses mainly scimitars and a 2 handed weapon. Can hit the highest once it's strength is maxed compared to magic and range.Though they ain't as accurate compared to rangers. I suggest getting 40 Attack, 60+ Strength, 40 Defence ( It's your choice if you want to get lvl 31 prayer too). The more strength the better as you can hit higher and can defeat your opponents before they have anytime to heal. The advantages for tanks is that your opponents will hit many 0's because of your high stated armour.

Armour should include:Rune scimitar, Rune 2h, Rune full helm, Rune chainbody/platebody, Rune gauntlets(Can buy from GE and recharge them at Fist of guthix or can earn it from gaining tokens), Team cape, Rune kiteshield, and a Amulet of Strength.

Pure Mage:Uses magic and spells to defeat the opponent. They hit high and are best at early levels as later on rangers and melee can defeat them easily due to their weak robes. These have a great advantage while training as they can go to the Fist Of Guthix mini game and get free runes to train on other players who have a higher hp compared to monsters meaning quicker xp. When Pking the runes you use can become costly especially at low levels though. Just level magic all the way.

Armour should include: Staff(which ever one you think is more economical for you), Wizard hat, Dragonfire shield, Wizard robe, Team cape and a Amulet of Magic.

Pure Range 2h:Uses range to get opponents level down then uses the 2h/battle axe which hits high to defeat the opponent. Best Pking build as the 2h/melee takes advantage of the glitch so you can end up hitting the opponent 3 times where has only hit once.The build for this is 40 Attack XX Strength XX Range. You can use the Runescape combat calculators to work out exactly how much strength and range will be needed before you level up.

Armour should include: Maple short bow, Rune 2h, Wizard robe, Leather gloves, Green d'hide chaps, Green d'hide Vambraces, Leather boots, Team cape, and a Amulet of Strength (better than amulet of power as you can hit an extra 10 with this amulet which can be vital for the KO).

Pure Strength: Uses melee to slice through the opponent. They use Scimitars and 2H's( to KO). They hit the highest once they have 99 strength and can hit up to 319! with player and a strength potion. I suggest for this build  to get 40 Attack, XX Strength, (31 prayer though it is optional). Some players get 40 range so that they can wear dragon d'hide chaps and vambraces so they have good defence against rangers and a bit more hp.

Armour should include: Iron full helm, Iron platebody, Iron platelegs, Leather gloves, Leather boots, Team cape, and a Amulet of Strength.

World of Warcraft Cataclysm Guide

The Cataclysm expansion for World of Warcraft adds lots of new changes since the last expansion. The level cap has been raised from 80 to 85 and the entire world has been completely redesigned from the ground up with new quests and air mounts available. There's also two new playable races, the Goblins and the Worgen. They're also changing the talents points so you only get one every two levels instead of one for every level up.

There's already level 85 characters out there. I find myself getting jealous and disappointed at the same time. That was when I decided to resort to getting a Cataclysm leveling guide and got the Zygor Cataclysm guide I prefer to learn my way through a game on my own first, but believe me, as soon as I read through the first few pages, I realized just what I've been missing out on all those years.

It's important to know that the rewards for raids have changed in Cataclysm. Previously, the larger the raid group the better the rewards but now the size of the raid group doesn't affect the rewards. This makes raid selection more important and to get selected to go on a raid you'll need to be useful. The raiding strategies in the guide was more than I could ever have hoped for.

Other than raids, the strategies in the Cataclysm leveling guide section turned my low level dwarf into a level 85 Warrior in just a couple days. I wasn't exactly struggling with leveling up, but the strategies were very helpful and got me leveling up much faster. I would highly recommend the guide to anyone playing WoW even veterans.  Go to http://www.squidoo.com/world_of_warcraft-cataclysm_guide to get the guide to level 85!

How To Download The Longshots Movie For Free?

Do you would like to download The Longshots movie free? This movie is the important-life story of Jasmine Plummer who became the primary feminine player to play within the Pop Warner soccer tournament at the age of eleven, in its fifty six-year history. The movie stars Ice Cube and Keke Palmer within the lead roles. It's the heartwarming story of the achievement of 1 lady against all odds.

** To Download the Longshots free, visit the link within the resource box beneath this aritcle, you'd love what you are concerning to see.

1st of all, remember of the fact that downloading any movie free is illegal. There are various paid options available that you'll be able to go for if you choose. To download the Longshots movie free you would like to follow some straightforward rules regarding the web site you decide on to download the movie from. First, not all web site that provide these downloads are reliable. A number of them are scam schemes whose solely aim is to send all sorts of viruses and spyware to wreck your PC and create you pay lots of dollars in repair costs. Therefore continuously opt for a web site that offers full antivirus and antispyware protection.

The next necessary thought is that the speed of the downloads. Not all sites provide the same download speed and whether or not you have a high speed broadband net association, if the location does not provide enough bandwidth, your downloads can progress at a snail's pace. The slower the downloads, the higher the danger of network connection errors. Thus opt for a website that gives unlimited bandwidth to download the Longshots movie for free.

The subsequent issue to think about is the standard of footage offered by these sites. Some sites provide poor quality downloads which may be a total waste of some time and effort. Hunt for sites that provide DVD quality downloads. Watching a movie in DVD quality can give the simplest movie-watching experience right in the comfort of your home. So, create certain that your downloads are DVD quality
and zilch less than that.

While downloading the Longshots movie at no cost, search for a website that provides a large variety of different downloads as well. These can vary from music videos, TV shows to sporting events. Some sites even provide common games for download that should be sensible news to avid gamers. Some sites have millions of movies in their on-line catalog; choosing such a site can build sure that you keep entertained right within the comfort of your home for years to come. Happy Downloading!

Guide to Postproduction for TV and Film: Managing the Process

Barbara Clark, Susan Spohr Guide to Postproduction for TV and Film: Managing the Processquot;
Focal Press | 2002-10 | ISBN: 0240805062 | 355 pages | File type: PDF | 1,07 mb
Are you an associate producer who needs to juggle projects and vendors while keeping on top of the latest trends and formats? Or an independent filmmaker who can't afford a misstep in the crucial postproduction phase? Take a step back and get a clear overview of the process. This guide will show you how to navigate each step in taking a TV or film project from production to final delivery. Start by getting a handle on the critical issues of budgets and schedules. From there, you'll learn the smoothest way to manage dailies, sound, editing, and completion. Detailed instructions and checklists for film, video, and High Definition procedures will teach you new ways of doing things and help you avoid costly errors.

The second edition is fully updated and information-packed. There is extensive new material on high definition as it affects dailies, editing, and delivery. The chapter on the film laboratory has been expanded further to include discussions on troubleshooting film damage and YCMs, which are so important in maintaining film assets. The latest information on film restoration, digital technologies, acquisitions, and a chapter on what's on the horizon round out the update.

* Manage the postproduction process with this step-by-step guide
* Learn how to stay on budget and on schedule with helpful forms, flowcharts, and checklists
* Find out how the latest developments in high definition, e-cinema, and acquisitions are changing the post world

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Pro BizTalk 2009

George Dunphy, Sergei Moukhnitski, Harold Campos, Stephen Kaufman, Peter Kelcey, David Peterson, quot;Pro BizTalk 2009quot;
Apress | 2009 | ISBN: 1430219815 | 768 pages | File type: PDF | 10,1 mb
A compendium of best practices and implementation wisdom, Pro BizTalk 2009 is a revision of the highly-successful and best-selling Pro BizTalk 2006. The book has been fully updated to cover the latest developments in BizTalk 2009. You��ll find all-new chapters on topics such as developing WCF-compliant adapters using the WCF LOB adapter SDK, connecting BizTalk to IBM mainframe line-of-business applications and data using the Host Integration Server adapter, and riding the Enterprise Service Bus. All other chapters in the book have been updated to reflect the latest developments in BizTalk 2009.

Pro BizTalk 2009 is based upon real feedback from BizTalk developers. It is written by recognized experts George Dunphy and Sergei Moukhnitski, backed by a team of top-notch coauthors. The book is a labor of love in which the authors share their experiences and expertise to teach you the art of creating a BizTalk solution using the right tools from the BizTalk 2009 toolbox.

?Fully updated to cover the latest developments in BizTalk 2009
?Focuses on the art of creating a BizTalk solution by helping readers choose the right tool from the BizTalk toolbox for the task at hand
?Based upon the real�Clife experience of authors with many years of practice implementing BizTalk solutions for large enterprises
?Create automated business processes that span disparate systems, even for those systems that were developed using disparate technologies.
?Apply each of the tools within BizTalk in their intended manner.
?Tune BizTalk servers for optimal performance.
?Implement sound disaster�Crecovery plans for BizTalk environments.
?Build for success upon recognized design patterns and best practices.
?Create a solid BizTalk development environment.

Who is this book for?

Pro BizTalk 2009 is aimed at two audiences: those developing BizTalk solutions and those who must manage the BizTalk servers upon which those solutions deploy. Both camps must have a working knowledge of the other side. Developers will find in this book an excellent guide to programming effectively with BizTalk. Administrators will find what they need to smoothly deploy BizTalk�Cbased solutions.

About the Apress Pro Series

The Apress Pro series books are practical, professional tutorials to keep you on and moving up the professional ladder.

You have gotten the job, now you need to hone your skills in these tough competitive times. The Apress Pro series expands your skills and expertise in exactly the areas you need. Master the content of a Pro book, and you will always be able to get the job done in a professional development project. Written by experts in their field, Pro series books from Apress give you the hard�Cwon solutions to problems you will face in your professional programming career.
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Forever Undecided: A Puzzle Guide to Godel

Raymond M. Smullyan, quot;Forever Undecided: A Puzzle Guide to Godelquot;
Oxford University Press | 1988 | ISBN: 0192821962, 0192821962, 0394549430 | 272 pages | Djvu | 1,8 mb
In these mathematical and logic puzzles, truth-telling knights battle lying knaves; a philosopher-logician named George falls in love with Oona, flighty bird-girl of the South Pacific; Inspector Craig and timid, conceited or modest reasoners match wits. Using such fictional enticements, the author of What Is the Name of This Book? and To Mock a Mockingbird steers us through the logical thickets of Kurt Godel's famous Incompleteness Theorem, which holds that mathematical systems can never prove their own consistency. Readers who make it halfway through this book will learn more symbolic logic than a college freshman stuffed with quot;new math.quot; In the second half, the deeper waters of modal logic are navigated. This field, which dates back to Aristotle, impinges on current debates in computer science and artificial intelligence. Smullyan's gift is to make complex ideas both accessible and enjoyable to the persevering reader.
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The Cambridge History of Jewish Philosophy: From Antiquity through the Seventeenth Century

Steven Nadler, T.M. Rudavsky, quot;The Cambridge History of Jewish Philosophy: From Antiquity through the Seventeenth Centuryquot;
Publisher: Cambridge University Press | 2008 | ISBN 0521843235 | File type: PDF | 898 pages | 10 mb
The first volume in this comprehensive work is an exploration of the history of Jewish philosophy from its beginnings in antiquity to the early modern period, with a particular emphasis on medieval Jewish thought. Unlike most histories, encyclopedias, guides, or companions of Jewish philosophy, this volume is organized by philosophical topic rather than by chronology or individual figures. There are sections on logic and language; natural philosophy; epistemology, philosophy of mind, and psychology; metaphysics and philosophical theology; and practical philosophy. There are also chapters on the intellectual background of Jewish philosophy, including Islamic and Greek thought and the Jewish philosophical textual traditions. With essays by leading scholars in the field, this volume provides the reader with a wonderful overview of the richness and sophistication of Jewish philosophy in its golden age.

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Ingrid Nielsen - Migration and Social Protection in China

Ingrid Nielsen - Migration and Social Protection in China
Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Company | 2008-09-16 | ISBN: 9812790497 | File type: PDF | 276 pages | 5.71 mb

China has an estimated 120-150 million internal migrants from the countryside living in its cities. These people are the engine that has been driving China's high rate of economic growth. However, until recently, little or no attention has been given to the establishment of a social protection regime for migrant workers. This volume examines the key issues involved in establishing social protection for them, including a critical examination of deficiencies in existing arrangements and an in-depth study of proposals that have been offered for extending social security coverage. Featuring contributions from leading academics outside China who have written on the topic as well as experts from leading Chinese academic institutions such as Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the Development Research Center in the State Council, this volume provides a comprehensive account from both inside and outside China.


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Quantum Information

Stephen Barnett, quot;Quantum Informationquot;
Oxford University Press, USA | 2009 | ISBN: 0198527624, 0198527632 | 304 pages | File type: PDF | 1,9 mb
Quantum information- the subject- is a new and exciting area of science, which brings together physics, information theory, computer science and mathematics. Quantum Information- the book- is based on two successful lecture courses given to advanced undergraduate and beginning postgraduate students in physics. The intention is to introduce readers at this level to the fundamental, but offer rather simple, ideas behind ground-breaking developments including quantum cryptography, teleportation and quantum computing. The text is necessarily rather mathematical in style, but the mathematics nowhere allowed priority over the key physical ideas. My aim throughout was to be as complete and self- contained but to avoid, as far as possible, lengthy and formal mathematical proofs. Each of the eight chapters is followed by about forty exercise problems with which the reader can test their understanding and hone their skills. These will also provide a valuable resource to tutors and lectures.
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Handbook of Cardiac Anatomy, Physiology, and Devices

Paul A. Iaizzo, quot;Handbook of Cardiac Anatomy, Physiology, and Devicesquot;
Humana Press | 2009 | ISBN: 1603273719 | 700 pages | File type: PDF | 22,8 mb
Leading experts from the University of Minnesota's renowned Lillehei Heart Institute and scientists from Medtronic, Inc., have assembled a concise yet detailed and comprehensive reference source of information on the anatomic features, underlying physiologic mechanisms, and treatments for diseases of the heart. The busy bioengineer working on cardiac devices will find here the complete critical background needed to understand cardiac pacing, defibrillation, cardiac repair using stem cell therapy, robotics, less invasive cardiac surgery, biventricular pacing, cardiac bioenergetics, and more. Insightful chapters address animal models for cardiac research, cardiac mapping systems, heart valve disease, ventricular assist devices, and genomics-based tools and technology. Two companion compact disks offer unique insights into the working heart. The first contains selected color images and movies to enhance understanding of vital points in the text. The second contains the Visible Heart?, a visualization of functional cardiac anatomy made possible by technologies jointly developed by the University of Minnesota and the Cardiac Rhythm Management Division at Medtronic.
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What We Remember: The construction of memory in military discourse

What We Remember: The construction of memory in military discourse
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company | ISBN: 9027206171 | edition 2008 | File type: PDF | 246 pages | 11,7 mb
his book explores the discursive manifestations of the conlict over how to remember and interpret the military��s actions during the last dictatorship in Uruguay (1973�C1985). he meaning of these events is still being debated and negotiated in the Uruguayan political arena. Discussion about how to remember a traumatic past is not unique to Uruguay; South Africa, Guatemala and Argentina are countries, which have also struggled with similar issues.


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A Hole in the Head: More Tales in the History of Neuroscience

Charles G. Gross, quot;A Hole in the Head: More Tales in the History of Neurosciencequot;
The MIT Press | 2009 | ISBN: 026201338X | 336 pages | File type: PDF | 4 mb
Neuroscientist Charles Gross has been interested in the history of his field since his days as an undergraduate. A Hole in the Head is the second collection of essays in which he illuminates the study of the brain with fascinating episodes from the past. This volume's tales range from the history of trepanation (drilling a hole in the skull) to neurosurgery as painted by Hieronymus Bosch to the discovery that bats navigate using echolocation.

The emphasis is on blind alleys and errors as well as triumphs and discoveries, with ancient practices connected to recent developments and controversies. Trepanation, for example, originated in Paleolithic societies and is now promoted on a variety of Web sites as a means of quot;enhancingquot; consciousness.

Gross first reaches back into the beginnings of neuroscience, discussing such topics as debates over the role of the brain (as opposed to the heart) in cognition and the relationship of vision to ideas about the quot;evil eye.quot; He then takes up the interaction of art and neuroscience, exploring, among other things, Rembrandt's quot;Anatomy Lessonquot; paintings��one of which prefigured the poses in a famous photograph of the dead Che Guevara. Finally, Gross examines discoveries by scientists whose work was scorned in their own time but proven correct in later eras, including Claude Bernard's argument for the importance of the constancy of the internal environment and Joseph Altman's pioneering (and ignored) discovery of adult neurogenesis.
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Marius Tucsnak, George Weiss - Observation and Control for Operator Semigroups

Marius Tucsnak, George Weiss - Observation and Control for Operator Semigroups
Publisher: Birkh?user Basel | 2009-05-04 | ISBN: 3764389931 | File type: PDF | 483 pages | 3.03 mb

This book studies observation and control operators for linear systems where the free evolution of the state can be described by an operator semigroup on a Hilbert space. The emphasis is on well-posedness, observability and controllability properties. The abstract results are supported by a large number of examples coming mostly from partial differential equations. These examples are worked out in detail. This book is meant to be an elementary introduction in this theory. The first meaning of quot;elementary'' is that the text is aimed to be accessible to any reader familiar with linear algebra, calculus, the basics of Hilbert spaces and differential equations. We introduce everything needed on operator semigroups and most of the background used is summarized in the Appendices, often with proofs. The second meaning of quot;elementary'' is that we only cover results for which we can provide complete proofs. In our bibliographic comments we mention some of the more advanced results, for example those based on microlocal analysis.


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Ideaship: How to Get Ideas Flowing in Your Workplace

Jack Foster, quot;Ideaship: How to Get Ideas Flowing in Your Workplacequot;
Berrett-Koehler | 2001 | ISBN: 1576751643 | 128 pages | File type: PDF | 1,5 mb
Innovative, original ideas are a company��s most powerful competitive advantage. Nathan Mhyrvold, former chief technology officer at Microsoft, has said that a great employee is worth 1,000 times more than an average one simply because of his or her ideas. In Ideaship, the sequel to his bestselling book, How to Get Ideas, Jack Foster shifts from how individuals spark their new ideas to how to unleash the creative genius of an entire organization. To create an idea-prone workforce, Foster proposes a totally new concept of leadership: quot;ideaship.quot; Leaders shouldn��t be spending their time obsessing over profits or sales or quality or service. Instead, they should devote most of their energies to making the office a place where creative ideas flow, where the workforce truly believes in its ability to iantly solve any problem put before it. Above all, where it��s fun to work. With energy and humor, Foster draws on over thirty-five years as creative director of major advertising agencies��organizations whose only purpose is to constantly generate ideas��to offer dozens of fun, fast, often surprising nuggets of practical advice on how to create an environment where innovation and fresh thinking thrive. He reveals why you should only hire people you like, insist employees take vacations whether they want to or not, why efficiency is sometimes inefficient, and how sometimes you can accomplish more by playing the fool instead of the capital L quot;Leader.quot;

Ideaship spells out proven ways to encourage creativity, simply and clearly and cogently, without a lot of charts and graphs and formulas and acronyms and statistics and fillers. It flips traditional leadership on its head and shows how simple acts of compassion, trust, and generosity of spirit, as well as some seemingly zany actions, can unleash unexpected, vital bursts of creativity.
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Sara Reinke - Book Of Thieves

Sara Reinke - Book Of Thieves
Publisher: Double Dragon eBooks | 2006-10-16 | ISBN: 1554043964 | File type: PDF | 252 pages | 5.20 mb

Twenty years have passed since the events in BOOK OF DAYS and now a new and even darker evil is threatening the land. The Shadow Stone, an ancient and indomitable talisman has been discovered, and its dark sentience is awakening, searching for a chosen soul to bear it. Throughout history, the Stone grants each of its bearers command of one natural element: earth, air, fire or water. These forces once helped to create the world, and through the Shadow Stone, legends say they will be used to destroy it.
Kaevir Macleod, son of a disenfranchised nobleman and frequent guest of many a fine county jail, is an unlikely choice to be the bearer of such a powerful totem. The mastermind behind one of the midrealm's most notorious band of highway bandits, Kaevir also hardly seems the sort to help prevent a royal assassination, overthrow a violent revolt, rescue a kidnapped queen, stage a prison break and restore peace and order once more to the realm.
But sometimes heroes are found in the most unlikely of characters.


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Aaron Bonk - Honda Engine Swaps

Aaron Bonk - Honda Engine Swaps
Publisher: S-A Design | 2004-11-01 | ISBN: 1884089933 | File type: PDF | 128 pages | 15.33 mb

When it comes to their personal transportation, today's youth have shunned the large, heavy performance cars of their parents' generation and instead embrace what has become known as the quot;sport compactquot; smaller, lightweight, modern sports cars of predominantly Japanese manufacture. These cars respond well to performance modifications due to their light weight and technology-laden, high-revving engines. And by far, the most sought-after and modified cars are the Hondas and Acuras of the mid-'80s to present. This book covers in detail all the most popular performance swaps for Honda Civic, Accord, and Prelude as well as the Acura Integra. It includes vital information on electrics, fit and drive train compatibility, design considerations, step-by-step instruction, and costs. This book is must-have for the Honda enthusiast.


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Portfolio Analysis: From Probabilistic to Credibilistic and Uncertain Approaches

Xiaoxia Huang, quot;Portfolio Analysis: From Probabilistic to Credibilistic and Uncertain Approachesquot;
Springer | 2010 | ISBN: 3642112137 | 185 pages | File type: PDF | 2,7 mb
The most salient feature of security returns is uncertainty. The purpose of the book is to provide systematically a quantitative method for analyzing return and risk of a portfolio investment in different kinds of uncertainty and present the ways for striking a balance between investment return and risk such that an optimal portfolio can be obtained.

In classical portfolio theory, security returns were assumed to be random variables, and probability theory was the main mathematical tool for handling uncertainty in the past. However, the world is complex and uncertainty is varied. Randomness is not the only type of uncertainty in reality, especially when human factors are included. Security market, one of the most complex markets in the world, contains almost all kinds of uncertainty. The security returns are sensitive to various factors including economic, social, political and very importantly, people��s psychological factors. Therefore, other than strict probability method, scholars have proposed some other approaches including imprecise probability, possibility, and interval set methods, etc., to deal with uncertainty in portfolio selection since 1990s. In this book, we want to add to the tools existing in science some new and unorthodox approaches for analyzing uncertainty of portfolio returns. When security returns are fuzzy, we use credibility which has self-duality property as the basic measure and employ credibility theory to help make selection decision such that the decision result will be consistent with the laws of contradiction and excluded middle. Being aware that one tool is not enough for solving complex practical problems, we further employ uncertain measure and uncertainty theory to help select an optimal portfolio when security returns behave neither randomly nor fuzzily.
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Engineering the City: How Infrastructure Works

Matthys Levy, Richard Panchyk, quot;Engineering the City: How Infrastructure Worksquot;
Chicago Review | 2000 | ISBN: 1556524196 | 144 pages | File type: PDF | 1,7 mb
How does a city obtain water, gas, and electricity? Where do these services come from? How are they transported? The answer is infrastructure, or the inner, and sometimes invisible, workings of the city. Roads, railroads, bridges, telephone wires, and power lines are visible elements of the infrastructure; sewers, plumbing pipes, wires, tunnels, cables, and sometimes rails are usually buried underground or hidden behind walls. Engineering the City tells the fascinating story of infrastructure as it developed through history along with the growth of cities. Experiments, games, and construction diagrams show how these structures are built, how they work, and how they affect the environment of the city and the land outside it.
Summary: A must-have!
Rating: 5
I totally agree with the previous reviewer; this is a fun book to read with your kids and do the activies together. It's also perfect for those awkward moments when they ask you a question like, quot;how does a road work?quot; and you don't exactly know the answer. It spells out everything in an easy-to-understand way.
Summary: Engineering in the City a Dad's review
Rating: 5
I have an 8 year old son who is seriously addicted to Lego building blocks and anything else that can be built. I am also a cub scout den leader and that makes me pretty good at understanding what 8 and 9 year old boys like.

They like this book! It answers some basic questions, that very subtley pre some basic engineering principles. What is BEST about this book is that every chapter has several simple projects that your child and you can do together. Again, simple, but it is suprising how educational this kind of fun can be.

My cub scouts like building bridges the best so far. You can bet we will work our way through this book and do many more projects.

Honestly, I wish a book like this existed when I was a kid. I thought engineering was all math and boring! NO SO! This book lights a fire in my imagination as well as that of my son. I love this book!
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Graphical Models

Steffen L. Lauritzen, quot;Graphical Modelsquot;
Oxford University Press, USA | 2009 | ISBN: 0198522193 | 312 pages | Djvu | 7,2 mb
The application of graph theory to modelling systems began in several scientific areas, among them statistical physics (the study of large particle systems), genetics (studying inheritable properties of natural species), and interactions in contingency tables. The use of graphical models in statistics has increased considerably in these and other areas such as artificial intelligence, and the theory has been greatly developed and extended. This is the first comprehensive and authoritative account of the theory of graphical models. Written by a leading expert in the field, it contains the fundamentals graph required and a thorough study of Markov properties associated with various type of graphs, the statistical theory of log-linear and graphical models, and graphical tables with mixed discrete-continuous variables in developed detail. Special topics, such as the application of graphical models to probabilistic expert systems, are described briefly, and appendices give details of the multivariate normal distribution and of the theory of regular exponential families.
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Five Thousand B.C. and Other Philosophical Fantasies

Raymond Smullyan, quot;Five Thousand B.C. and Other Philosophical Fantasiesquot;
St. Martin's | 1983 | ISBN: 0312295162, 0312295170 | 224 pages | File type: PDF | 1,4 mb
Summary: Witty!
Rating: 5

This book is a collection of anecdotes, discussions and little philosophical dramas. It is an esy read, but some of the ideas are very deep, some are just funny. Anyone with the slightest interest in philosophy whatsoever can and should read this little book. The book adresses epistemology, religion, ethics and logic. Some things are weird and not really related to philosophy but still fascinating.

In his dramas, Smullyan plays with many philosophical schools and positions. On the way he creates some new philosophical schools of thought, which is a lot of fun. Everyone who wants to know what experimental epistemology or materialistic mysticism is should read this book.

Summary: excellent
Rating: 5

This isn't one of Smullyan's books of logic puzzles (those are great too!), but rather contains highly entertaining (and mind-stretching) flights of philosophical fantasy and paradox. If you like Godel, Escher, Bach by Douglas Hofstadter, you'll like this.
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Crystal Growth of Silicon for Solar Cells

Kazuo Nakajima, Noritaka Usami, quot;Crystal Growth of Silicon for Solar Cellsquot;
Springer | 2009 | ISBN: 3642020437 | 255 pages | File type: PDF | 4,2 mb
This volume presents a comprehensive survey of the science and technology of crystal growth of Si for solar cells with emphasis on fundamental science. Starting from feedstock, crystal growth of bulk crystals (single crystal and multicrystals) and thin film crystals are discussed. Numerous illustrations promote a comprehension of crystal-growth physics. The fundamental knowledge on crystal growth mechanisms obtained through this book will contribute to future developments of novel crystal growth technologies for further improvement of conversion efficiency of Si-based solar cells.
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Cosmological Inflation and Large-Scale Structure

Cosmological Inflation and Large-Scale Structure
Publisher: Cambridge University Press | ISBN: 052166022X | edition 2000 | File type: PDF | 400 pages | 15,4 mb
Both Liddle and Lyth have been active contributors to important developments in the fields of inflation and large-scale structure for well over a decade. Their depth of knowledge and expertise provide a rock-solid foundation for this book, which is carefully constructed, well-written, well-organized, and crysta; clear in its presentation. The book is ideal for an advanced undergraduate course in cosmology that focuses on inflation and large-scale structure. .In sum, Liddle and Lyth have produced a highly focused, fantastically useful book.Inflation and large-scale structure are fast-moving, rapidly developing fields, yet the basics are unlikely to change in the near future.


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Die Collective Mind Methode: Projekterfolg durch Soft Skills

Jens K?hler, Alfred Oswald, quot;Die Collective Mind Methode: Projekterfolg durch Soft Skillsquot;
Springer | 2009 | ISBN: 3642001076 | 200 pages | File type: PDF | 1,2 mb
Die Beherrschung der ?hartenquot; Faktoren wie Projektplanung, Budgetierung und Qualit?tsmanagement geh?rt zum Standardrepertoire des Projektmanagers. Dagegen betritt man mit der bewussten Gestaltung der ?weichen Faktorenquot; (Soft Skills) wie Kommunikation, Wissensaustausch, individuelle Erfahrungen und Kompetenzen Neuland. Die Autoren wollen diese Soft Skills beherrschbar machen und ihre Bedeutung zu Wissensgenerierung, Wissenstransport und Umsetzung von Wissen bewerten und typisieren. Sie zeigen, dass der Projekterfolg hoch ist, wenn sich ein gemeinsamer Projektverstand, ein ?Collective Mindquot; ausbildet. Das Buch vermittelt Methoden zur Nachvollzieh- und Messbarkeit des Collective Mind, dessen Bildung und Umsetzung in zielorientiertes Handeln eine zentrale Aufgabe des Projektmanagements darstellt und entscheidend zum Projekterfolg beitr?gt. Typische Projektszenen, ein Test und Best Practices erh?hen den praktischen Nutzen des Werkes als praxisbezogene Methodik f��r Manager und Projektleiter.
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